Prepared By : Uday Shah (HOD-IT)
E-Mail : rupareleducation@gmail.com
Contact No : 7600044051
.NET Framework & Visual Studio IDE, Language Basics
Q.1 Introduction to .net Framework
·
The .net
framework is a service or platform for building deploying and running
application
·
.new framework
consist two main part that is
Ø Common Language Run time
Ø Class Library
·
Common Language
run time is the execution engine fro .net frame work application
·
It is the heart
and backbone or the .net application.
·
It is the runtime
engine provided by the .net framework.
·
It provide
infrastructure for running a program and also allow them to communicate with
others parts of the .net framework.
·
It provide a
number of services like
Ø Code loading and execution.
Ø Application memory isolation.
Ø Verification of the type safe.
Ø Conversion to intermediate language to native code.
Ø Allow to access metadata [Data about database]
Ø Manage Memory and Manage Object
Ø Exception handling.
·
Following is a
Diagram for .net framework
Ø Draw Diagram
·
Common Type
System allow program written in a different programming language to share
information.
·
A class is a
written in C# should be equivalent to the class written in V.B. .net
·
Common Type
System Provide Cross Language integration.
·
Common Type
System support two different categories.
Ø Value Type.
Ø Reference Type
·
Common Language
Specification include basic language features needed by almost all the
application.
·
It serve as a
guide for library and the compiler.
·
There is one
another concept for assembly and it’s a primary building block of .net
framework application.
·
It can be either
DLL or EXE.
·
It consist number
of DLL files or Executable files.
·
Metadata is also
store within assembly.
·
.net record
information about compile class as a metadata.
·
Metadata means
data about database.
·
.net language
compiled will Generate metadata & Store this in the assembly.
Metadata is nothing but description of every name
space class, method, property etc.
Advantages of .NET
Here are some of the compelling advantages of .NET:
· Object Oriented
Everything that you see in the .NET framework is an object. It is the same for what you write within the framework. This means that you get a powerful tool to not just access but also control your apps. This also makes it simpler for you to respond to recurring events.
· Caching
The caching system that .NET includes is extremely robust and easy-to-use.
· Easy Maintenance
Pages, with .NET, are extremely simple to write and maintain. This is because the source code and HTML are both together. In addition to that, the source code executes on the server. What does this mean? This makes your web pages more powerful and flexible.
· Time-Saving
Time is money, and .NET helps you save a lot of that. The way it is developed, .NET removes a large part of the coding requirement. This means that the developers save time, and the app’s time-to-market can be shortened considerably.
· Simplicity
Performing common tasks with .NET is extremely simple and straight forward. Submission of forms is a breeze and so is site configuration, deployment, and client authentication.
· Feature-Rich
There are a range of features that can be explored by the developers in order to create powerful apps. Consider the case of its rich toolbox as also the designer in the visual studio. They let you access such features as automatic deployment, WYSIWYG editing, and drag-and-drop controls.
· Consistency
The management and monitoring of all the processes is performed by the framework. If one of the processes is dead, a new process can be created just as easily. This lets your app be consistently available for handling requests.
· Monitoring
Finally, .NET also stands for its automatic monitoring. It will promptly notice any problems like infinite loops, memory leaks, etc. Not just this, it will also destroy these activities automatically and restart itself.
In conclusion, there are tons of advantages that .NET offers. These features make it popular among clients as well as programmers.
Disadvantages of .NET
Along with advantages, you will always come across disadvantages of any platform. That’s the case with .NET too.
Here’s a compilation of some of the drawbacks of using .NET:
· Limited Object Relational (OR) support
It is found to be limited at times, because such support is generally available with entity framework only.
· Slower than Native Code
Managed code that you run with .NET can be slower than native code.
· Vendor lock-in
The framework involves Vendor lock-in. This can mean that future development will be only dependent on Microsoft.
· Expensive
In some cases, migration of apps to .NET can turn out to be expensive.
However, these are all just minor draw-backs when compared to the large range of advantages offered by the framework.
What is CLR?
The Common Language Runtime is the execution engine for .NET
Framework applications.
CLR (Common Language Runtime) is a heart of Dot Net Framework.
The core function of dot.net framework to execute application and to convert
Managed code to native code.
It provides a number of services, including the following:
1. Code management (loading and execution)
2. Application memory isolation.
3. Verification of type safety
4. Conversion of IL to native code using JIT
5. Access to metadata (enhanced type information)
6. Managing memory for managed objects (garbage collection).
7. Enforcement of code access security (CAS)
8. Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions
9. Interoperation between managed code, COM objects, and
pre-existing DLLs (unmanaged code and data)
10. Automation of object layout
11. Support for developer services (profiling, debugging).
What is CTS ?
Common Type System allows two different languages of dot.net (C#,
VB.NET) will get compiled into common base type for smooth communication..CTS is
handled by the CLR.
The common type system supports two general categories of types:
Value types:
Value
types directly contain their data, and instances of value types are either
allocated on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. Value types can be
built-in (implemented by the runtime), user-defined, or enumerations.
Reference types:
Reference types:
Reference
types store a reference to the value's memory address, and are allocated on the
heap. Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface
types. The type of a reference type can be determined from values of
self-describing types. Self-describing types are further split into arrays and
class types. The class types are user-defined classes, boxed value types, and
delegates.
What is CLS?
CLS stands for Common
Language Specification and it is a subset of CTS. It defines a set of rules and
restrictions that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework.
The languages which follows these set of rules are said to be CLS Compliant. In
simple words, CLS enables cross-language integration.
For example, one rule is that you cannot use
multiple inheritance within .NET Framework. As you know C++ supports multiple
inheritance but; when you will try to use that C++ code within C#, it is not
possible because C# doesn’t supports multiple inheritance.
One another rule is that you cannot have members with same name with case
difference only i.e. you cannot have add() and Add() methods. This easily works
in C# because it is case-sensitive but when you will try to use that C# code in
VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive.
What is BCL?
BCL stands for Base class library also
known as Class library (CL). BCL is a subset of Framework class library (FCL).
Class library is the collection of reusable types that are closely integrated
with CLR. Base Class library provides classes and types that are helpful in
performing day to day operation e.g. dealing with string and primitive types,
database connection, IO operations.
while Framework class library contains thousands of classes used
to build different types of applications and provides all the basic
functionalities and services that application needs. FCL includes classes and
services to support different variety of application e.g.
·
Desktop
application,
·
Web
application (ASP.Net, MVC, WCF),
·
Mobile
application,
·
Xbox
application,
· Windows Service etc.
.NET Framework Class Library is the collection of classes,
namespaces, interfaces
and value types that are used for .NET applications.
It
contains thousands of classes that supports the following functions.
·
Base and user-defined
data types
·
Support for exceptions
handling
·
input/output and stream
operations
·
Communications with the
underlying system
·
Access to data
·
Ability to create
Windows-based GUI applications
·
Ability to create
web-client and server applications
·
Support for creating web
services
.NET Base Class Library is the
sub part of the Framework that provides library
support to Common Language
Runtime to work properly. It includes the System
namespace and core types of
the .NET framework.
Namespaces
are used to organize the classes. It helps to control the scope of
methods and
classes in larger .Net programming projects.
In
simpler words you can say that it provides a way to keep one set of names
like
class names, different from other sets of names.
A namespace is designed
for providing a way to keep one set of names separate from another. The
class
names declared in one namespace does not conflict with the same class names
declared in
another.
The
biggest advantage of using namespace is that the class names which are
declared
in one namespace will not clash with the same class names declared in
another
namespace.
It
is also referred as named group of classes having common
features.
The
members of a namespace can be namespaces, interfaces, structures,
and delegates.
What is Assembly?
Microsoft .Net Assembly is a logical unit of code, that
contains code which
the Command Language Runtime (CLR) executes.
It is the smallest unit of deployment of a .net application and it
can be a .dll or
an exe.
Assembly is really a collection of types and resource information
that are built
to work together and form a logical unit of functionality.
It includes both executable application files that you can run
directly from
Windows without the need for any other programs .exe files, and
libraries .dll
files for use by other applications.
Assemblies are the building
blocks of .NET Framework applications.
During the compile time Metadata is created with Microsoft
Intermediate
Language (MSIL) and stored in a file called Assembly
Manifest.
Both Metadata and Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) together
wrapped
in a Portable Executable (PE) file.
Assembly Manifest contains information about itself.
This information is called Assembly Manifest, it contains information about the
members, types, references and all the other data that the runtime needs for
execution.
What is Meta Data?
Metadata in .Net is binary information which describes the
characteristics of a
resource.
This information include Description of the Assembly , Data Types
and
members with their declarations and implementations, references to other
types
and members , Security permissions etc.
A module's metadata contains everything that needed to interact
with another
module.
During the compile time
Metadata created with Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL) and stored in a
file called a Manifest.
Both Metadata and Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) together
wrapped
in a Portable Executable (PE) file.
During the runtime of a program Just In Time (JIT) compiler of the
Common
Language Runtime (CLR) uses the Metadata and converts Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL) into native code.
When code is executed, the runtime loads metadata into memory and
references
it to discover information about your code's classes, members,
inheritance, and
so on.
Moreover Metadata eliminating the need for Interface Definition
Language
(IDL) files, header files, or any external method of component
reference.
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:: Best of Luck ::
