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Prepared By : Preash Limbad
Contact No : 7600044051
E-Mail : rupareleducation@gmail.com
Networking questions
(1) What is a network ?
Answer: A network is the
connection of two or more computers. These computers are linked
together. The most common types of networks are:
(a) Local Area Networks (LANS) and
(b) Wide Area Networks (WANS).
The primary difference
between the two is that a LAN is generally confined to a limited area,
whereas a WAN covers a large area. Severally connected LANS creates a WAN.
(2) Write the types of
networks.
Answer: Intranet –The
private LAN which is used by everyone within an organization or
Basic Networking questions and answers
company is called
intranet. It might consist of an e-mail system, a message accesing board
and one or more Web site portals .
Extranet – A network
that connects people within this company with people who are outside of the
company is called extranet. It happens within a secure ,password protected
network.
(3) What is physical
and wireless media?
Answer:- Physical
media:
·
Twisted pair cable – consists
of two independently insulated wires twisted around each other
·
Coaxial cable – consists of an
insulated center wire grounded by a shield of braided wire Fiber optic cable –
contains hundreds of clear fiberglass or plastic fibers
·
ISDN line – a special digital
telephone line that transmits and receives information at very high speeds
Wireless media:
·
Microwave system – transmits
data via high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere
·
Satellite system – receive
signals from the earth, amplify them, and then transmit back these signals to
the appropriate locations on the earth.
·
Cellular technology – uses
antennae resembling telephone towers to pick up radio signals within a specific
area
(4) What is network
topologies?
Answer: Network Topology is refers to the way computers
and its peripheral environment is configured to form networks.
·
Bus topology – all computers
are synchronize by a single line of cable.
·
Star topology – multiple
computers are linked to a main computer, which is called a host
·
Ring topology – each computer
is connected to two other computers, with the entire network. It forms a circle
·
Hybrid topology – combine
network layout types to meet their wants.
(5) What is network
/communication protocols?
Answer :- A protocol is s
an agreed/admitted set of rules and procedures for exchanging data between two
or more devices.
Features :
·
The sending device shows it has
finished sending the message.
·
The receiving device shows it
has received the message.
The type of error
checking to be used.
Ethernet is used by most
networks, but some network may use Token Ring protocol from IBM.
(6) What are the communication types?
Answer: There are three types of communication.
·
Unicasting –Here one to one
communication occurs
·
Multicasting –Here one to many
communication occurs
·
Broadcasting –here one to all
communication occurs.
(7) What is
client/server network?
Answer:
·
Here nodes
and servers share data roles.
·
Nodes are
defined as clients.
·
To control
access servers are used.
·
Server is
the most important part computer.
(8) What is STAR
connectivity in computer network?
Answer: Here all nodes are connect to a hub. Packets sent to
hub. Again packets are sent by Hub to destination.
Advantages
·
It is easy to set
up in a network.
·
One single cable
can not crash the whole network.
Disadvantages
·
One single hub
crashing downs the whole network
·
It uses a
lot of cables
·
It is the most
common topology
(9) What is RING
connectivity in computer network?
Answer: Here all nodes are connected in a circle. Token
is used for transferring data from computers. Here nodes waits for token
to send.
Advantages
·
Time for sending
data is known.
·
Here no
data collisions occurs
Disadvantages
·
Connection
is very slow
·
Lots of cable
required.
(10) Define HUB,
SWITCH, ROUTER
Answer: These are the larger one connections of networks.
multiple segments are connected to them
·
Hub:- It is a multiport repeater to enhance signals within the same LAN
·
Switch:- It is mostly like hub but it is more intelligent.It gives better
performance
·
Router:- It forwards packets from one LAN to another LAN.
11) What is a Link?
A
link refers to the connectivity between two devices. It includes the type of
cables and protocols used in order for one device to be able to communicate
with the other.
12) What are the layers of the
OSI reference model?
There
are 7 OSI layers: Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport
Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer.
13) What is backbone network?
A
backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute
different routes and data to various networks. It also handles management of
bandwidth and various channels.
14) What is a LAN?
LAN
is short for Local Area Network. It refers to the connection between computers
and other network devices that are located within a small physical location.
15) What is a node?
A
node refers to a point or joint where a connection takes place. It can be
computer or device that is part of a network. Two or more nodes are needed in
order to form a network connection.
16) What are routers?
Routers
can connect two or more network segments. These are intelligent network devices
that store information in its routing table such as paths, hops and
bottlenecks. With this info, they are able to determine the best path for data
transfer. Routers operate at the OSI Network Layer.
17) What is point to point
link?
It
refers to a direct connection between two computers on a network. A point to
point connection does not need any other network devices other than connecting
a cable to the NIC cards of both computers.
18) What is anonymous FTP?
Anonymous
FTP is a way of granting user access to files in public servers. Users that are
allowed access to data in these servers do not need to identify themselves, but
instead log in as an anonymous guest.
19) What is subnet mask?
A
subnet mask is combined with an IP address in order to identify two parts: the
extended network address and the host address. Like an IP address, a subnet
mask is made up of 32 bits.
20) Describe Network Topology
Network
Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and
cables are physically laid out, as well as how they connect to one another.
21) What is VPN?
VPN
means Virtual Private Network, a technology that allows a secure tunnel to be
created across a network such as the Internet. For example, VPNs allow you to
establish a secure dial-up connection to a remote server.
22) What is the job of the
Network Layer under the OSI reference model?
The
Network layer is responsible for data routing, packet switching and control of
network congestion. Routers operate under this layer.
23) What are different ways of
securing a computer network?
There
are several ways to do this. Install reliable and updated anti-virus program on
all computers. Make sure firewalls are setup and configured properly. User
authentication will also help a lot. All of these combined would make a highly
secured network.
24) What is NIC?
NIC
is short for Network Interface Card. This is a peripheral card that is attached
to a PC in order to connect to a network. Every NIC has its own MAC address
that identifies the PC on the network.
25) What is WAN?
WAN
stands for Wide Area Network. It is an interconnection of computers and devices
that are geographically dispersed. It connects networks that are located in
different regions and countries.
26) What is the importance of
the OSI Physical Layer?
The
physical layer does the conversion from data bits to electrical signal, and
vice versa. This is where network devices and cable types are considered and
setup.
27) How many layers are there
under TCP/IP?
There
are four layers: the Network Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer and
Application Layer.
28) What are proxy servers and
how do they protect computer networks?
Proxy
servers primarily prevent external users who identifying the IP addresses of an
internal network. Without knowledge of the correct IP address, even the
physical location of the network cannot be identified. Proxy servers can make a
network virtually invisible to external users.
29) What is the function of the
OSI Session Layer?
This
layer provides the protocols and means for two devices on the network to
communicate with each other by holding a session. This includes setting
up the session, managing information exchange during the session, and tear-down
process upon termination of the session.
30) What is OSI and what role
does it play in computer networks?
OSI
(Open Systems Interconnect) serves as a reference model for data communication.
It is made up of 7 layers, with each layer defining a particular aspect on how
network devices connect and communicate with one another. One layer may deal
with the physical media used, while another layer dictates how data is actually
transmitted across the network.
31) What is the equivalent
layer or layers of the TCP/IP Application layer in terms of OSI reference
model?
The
TCP/IP Application layer actually has three counterparts on the OSI model: the
Session layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer.
32) How can you identify the IP
class of a given IP address?
By
looking at the first octet of any given IP address, you can identify whether
it’s Class A, B or C. If the first octet begins with a 0 bit, that address is
Class A. If it begins with bits 10 then that address is a Class B address. If
it begins with 110, then it’s a Class C network.
33) What is the main purpose of
OSPF?
OSPF,
or Open Shortest Path First, is a link-state routing protocol that uses routing
tables to determine the best possible path for data exchange.
34) What are firewalls?
Firewalls
serve to protect an internal network from external attacks. These external
threats can be hackers who want to steal data or computer viruses that can wipe
out data in an instant. It also prevents other users from external networks
from gaining access to the private network.
35) Describe star topology
Star
topology consists of a central hub that connects to nodes. This is one of the
easiest to setup and maintain.
36) What are gateways?
Gateways
provide connectivity between two or more network segments. It is usually a
computer that runs the gateway software and provides translation services. This
translation is a key in allowing different systems to communicate on the
network.
37) What is the disadvantage of
a star topology?
One
major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub or switch get
damaged, the entire network becomes unusable.
38) What is SLIP?
SLIP,
or Serial Line Interface Protocol, is actually an old protocol developed during
the early UNIX days. This is one of the protocols that are used for remote
access.
39) Give some examples of
private network addresses.
10.0.0.0
with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0 with subnet mask of 255.240.0.0
192.168.0.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.0.0
40) What are the functions of a
network administrator?
A
network administrator has many responsibilities that can be summarize into 3
key functions: installation of a network, configuration of network settings,
and maintenance/troubleshooting of networks.
41) Describe at one
disadvantage of a peer to peer network.
When
you are accessing the resources that are shared by one of the workstations on
the network, that workstation takes a performance hit.
42) What is DHCP?
DHCP
is short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its main task is to
automatically assign an IP address to devices across the network. It first
checks for the next available address not yet taken by any device, then assigns
this to a network device.
43) What is the main job of the
ARP?
The
main task of ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is to map a known IP address to
a MAC layer address.
44) What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP
is short for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. This is a set
of protocol layers that is designed to make data exchange possible on different
types of computer networks, also known as heterogeneous network.
45) How can you manage a
network using a router?
Routers
have built in console that lets you configure different settings, like security
and data logging. You can assign restrictions to computers, such as what
resources it is allowed access, or what particular time of the day they can
browse the internet. You can even put restrictions on what websites are not
viewable across the entire network.
46) What is the use of a
default gateway?
Default
gateways provide means for the local networks to connect to the external
network. The default gateway for connecting to the external network is usually
the address of the external router port.
47) What is peer to peer?
Peer
to peer are networks that does not reply on a server. All PCs on this network
act as individual workstations.
48) What is DNS?
DNS
is Domain Name System. The main function of this network service is to provide host
names to TCP/IP address resolution.
49) What advantages does fiber
optics have over other media?
One
major advantage of fiber optics is that is it less susceptible to electrical
interference. It also supports higher bandwidth, meaning more data can be
transmitted and received. Signal degrading is also very minimal over long
distances.
50) What is the difference
between a hub and a switch?
A
hub acts as a multiport repeater. However, as more and more devices connect to
it, it would not be able to efficiently manage the volume of traffic that
passes through it. A switch provides a better alternative that can improve the
performance especially when high traffic volume is expected across all ports.
51) What are the maximum
networks and hosts in a class A, B and C network?
For
Class A, there are 126 possible networks and 16,777,214 hosts
For Class B, there are 16,384 possible networks and 65,534 hosts
For Class C, there are 2,097,152 possible networks and 254 hosts
52) What is client/server?
Client/server
is a type of network wherein one or more computers act as servers. Servers
provide a centralized repository of resources such as printers and files.
Clients refers to workstation that access the server.
53) Describe networking.
Networking
refers to the inter connection between computers and peripherals for data
communication. Networking can be done using wired cabling or through wireless
link.
54) In a network that contains
two servers and twenty workstations, where is the best place to install an
Anti-virus program?
An
anti-virus program must be installed on all servers and workstations to ensure
protection. That’s because individual users can access any workstation and
introduce a computer virus when plugging in their removable hard drives or
flash drives.
55) Describe Ethernet.
Ethernet
is one of the popular networking technologies used these days. It was developed
during the early 1970s and is based on specifications as stated in the IEEE.
Ethernet is used in local area networks.
56) What are some drawbacks of
implementing a ring topology?
In
case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can bring down
the entire network. Another drawback is that when there are adjustments and
reconfigurations needed to be performed on a particular part of the network,
the entire network has to be temporarily brought down as well.
57) What is the difference
between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA?
CSMA/CD,
or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a collision occurred.
CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first broadcast intent to send prior to
data transmission.
58) What is SMTP?
SMTP
is short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This protocol deals with all
Internal mail, and provides the necessary mail delivery services on the TCP/IP
protocol stack.
59) What is multicast routing?
Multicast
routing is a targeted form of broadcasting that sends message to a selected
group of user, instead of sending it to all users on a subnet.
60) What is the importance of
Encryption on a network?
Encryption
is the process of translating information into a code that is unreadable by the
user. It is then translated back or decrypted back to its normal readable
format using a secret key or password. Encryption help ensure that information
that is intercepted halfway would remain unreadable because the user has to
have the correct password or key for it.
61) What is one advantage of
mesh topology?
In
the event that one link fails, there will always be another available. Mesh
topology is actually one of the most fault-tolerant network topology.
62) What protocols fall under
the TCP/IP Internet Layer?
There
are 4 protocols that are being managed by this layer. These are ICMP, IGMP, IP
and ARP.
63) When it comes to
networking, what are rights?
Rights
refer to the authorized permission to perform specific actions on the network.
Each user on the network can be assigned individual rights, depending on what
must be allowed for that user.
64) What is one basic
requirement for establishing VLANs?
A
VLAN is required because at switch level there is only one broadcast domain, it
means whenever new user is connected to switch this information is spread
throughout the network. VLAN on switch helps to create separate broadcast
domain at switch level. It is used for security purpose.
65) What is IPv6?
IPv6
, or Internet Protocol version 6, was developed to replace IPv4. At present,
IPv4 is being used to control internet traffic, butis expected to get saturated
in the near future. IPv6 was designed to overcome this limitation.
66) What is mesh topology?
Mesh
topology is a setup wherein each device is connected directly to every other
device on the network. Consequently, it requires that each device have at least
two network connections.
67) what is the maximum segment
length of a 100Base-FX network?
The
maximum allowable length for a network segment using 100Base-FX is 412 meters.
The maximum length for the entire network is 5 kilometers.
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