Introduction To Android Ch. : 1 for BCA, MCA and Other IT Fields

Prepared By  : Uday Shah - HOD(IT)
Contact No   : 7600044051

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Ch: 1 Intro to Android

Q-1. What is an Android?

·       Android is an Operating System which is Develop for Smart Phone Application Mini Computers Etc.

·       It is one Kind Of Mobile OS Developed In 1996.

·       It is Also Known As Windows Pocket PC and Later On Use as a Blackberry OS and Android.

·       Now a Days Most Widely Use Platform to develop an application in a Mobile use Android.

·       Android is a Software with a Bunche of Packages and also some time Behave Like as a Middleware and Key Application.

·       Android Now a Day acquires by the Google in 2005 and then after number of update was released in their Original version of Android.

Q-2. Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports great features. Few of them are listed below

1.      Beautiful UI

             Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

2.      Connectivity

             GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and        WiMAX.

3.      Storage

             SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

4.      Media support

             H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI,         Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP.

5.      Messaging

             SMS and MMS

6.      Web browser

             Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8    JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

7.      Multi-touch

             Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

8.      Multi-tasking

             User can jump from one task to another and same time various application     can run simultaneously.

9.      Resizable widgets

             Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or      shrink them to save space.

10.    Multi-Language

             Supports single direction and bi-directional text.

11.    GCM

             Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short      message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary         sync solution.

12.    Wi-Fi Direct

             A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

13     Android Beam

             A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by          touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

Q-2. The Open Handset Alliances

·       The open Handset Alliances is a Group of 84 technologies and Mobile Company.

·       Who have come to gather for Innovation in Mobile and also offer consumer to richer less expensive and better mobile experience.

·       Android is first completing open and free Mobile platform and they are committed to commercially deploy handset and services use the android platform.

Q-3. Explain Android Platform?

The Android Platform Is a Platform For Mobile Device.

That Use Modified Linux Kernel.

The Android Platform was originally introduced by the Open Handset Alliances in November 2007.

Most of the Application that runs on Android Platform is generally written in the java programming Language.

Actually there are no java virtual machine instead of java class it compile in to the compiler is known as dalvik virtual machine.

Programs are Executable and run on a dalvik virtual Machine.

To create an application for the Android Platform Developer Require Android SDK.

Android SDK include tools and API and also android developer typically integrated the SDK into the graphical user IDE.

API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform.

Platform Version	API Level	VERSION_CODE
Android 6.0	23	MARSHMALLOW
Android 5.1	22	LOLLIPOP
Android 5.0	21	LOLLIPOP
Android 4.4W	20	KITKAT
Android 4.4	19	KITKAT
Android 4.3	18	JELLY_BEAN
Android 4.2, 4.2.2	17	JELLY_BEAN
Android 4.1, 4.1.1	16	JELLY_BEAN
Android 4.0.3, 4.0.4	15	ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH
Android 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2	14	ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH
Android 3.2	13	HONEYCOMB
Android 3.1.x	12	HONEYCOMB
Android 3.0.x	11	HONEYCOMB
Android 2.3.4 Android 2.3.3	10	GINGERBREAD
Android 2.3.2 Android 2.3.1 Android 2.3	9	GINGERBREAD
Android 2.2.x	8	FROYO
Android 2.1.x	7	ÉCLAIR
Android 2.0.1	6	ÉCLAIR
Android 2.0	5	ÉCLAIR
Android 1.6	4	DONUT
Android 1.5	3	CUPCAKE
Android 1.1	2	BASE
Android 1.0	1	BASE

Q-4. What is Android SDK?

Ans. Android SDK Means Android Software development Kit.

It is a Set of Development tools which is used to Develop Application for Android Platform.

The Android SDK include Following list of item.

1. Require Libraries
2. Debugger
3. An Emulator
4. Relevant Documentation
5. Android API
6. Sample source code Etc Used In Android SDK. 

Best Of Luck 

C Language Standard Library functions for BCA , BSc(IT) and PGDCA

Prepared By : Uday Shah - HOD (IT)
Contact No : 7600044051

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abs()

The C library function int abs(int x) returns the absolute value of int x. Following is the declaration for abs() function.

int abs(int x)

x  is the integral value. This function returns the absolute value of x.

atof()

The C library function double atof(const char *str) converts the string argument str to a floating-point number (type double). Following is the declaration for atof() function.

double atof(const char *str)

str  is the string having the representation of a floating-point number. This function returns the converted floating point number as a double value. If no valid conversion could be performed, it returns zero (0.0).

atol()

The C library function long int atol(const char *str) converts the string argument str to a long integer (type long int). Following is the declaration for atol() function.

long int atol(const char *str)

str  is the string containing the representation of an integral number. This function returns the converted integral number as a long int. If no valid conversion could be performed, it returns zero.

exit()

The C library function void exit(int status) terminates the calling process immediately. Following is the declaration for exit() function.

void exit(int status)

status  is the status value returned to the parent process. This function does not return any value.

free()

The C library function void free(void *ptr) deallocates the memory previously allocated by a call to calloc, malloc, or realloc. Following is the declaration for free() function.

void free(void *ptr)

ptr  is the pointer to a memory block previously allocated with malloc, calloc or realloc to be deallocated. If a null pointer is passed as argument, no action occurs. This function does not return any value.

rand()

The C library function int rand(void) returns a pseudo-random number in the range of 0 to RAND_MAX. RAND_MAX is a constant whose default value may vary between implementations but it is granted to be at least 32767. Following is the declaration for rand() function.

int rand(void)

This function returns an integer value between 0 and RAND_MAX.

Strtoul()

The C library function unsigned long int strtoul(const char *str, char **endptr, int base) function converts the initial part of the string in str to an unsigned long int value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. Following is the declaration for strtoul() function.

unsigned long int strtoul(const char *str, char **endptr, int base)

str  is the string containing the representation of an unsigned integral number. endptr  is the reference to an object of type char*, whose value is set by the function to the next character in str after the numerical value. base  is the base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

This function returns the converted integral number as a long int value. If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

srand()

The C library function void srand(unsigned int seed) seeds the random number generator used by the function rand. Following is the declaration for srand() function.

void srand(unsigned int seed)

seed  is an integer value to be used as seed by the pseudo-random number generator algorithm. This function does not return any value.

labs()

The C library function long int labs(long int x) returns the absolute value ofx. Following is the declaration for labs() function.

long int labs(long int x)

x  is the integral value. This function returns the absolute value of x.

qsort()

The C library function void qsort(void *base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void*)) sorts an array. Following is the declaration for qsort() function.

void qsort(void *base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void*))

base  is the pointer to the first element of the array to be sorted. nitems  is the number of elements in the array pointed by base size  is the size in bytes of each element in the array. compar  is the function that compares two elements. This function does not return any value.

:: Best Of Luck :: 

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