BCA Sem 5 ASP.NET Glossary

 Prepared By : Uday Shah (HOD - IT)

ASP.NET Glossary , Keyword and  Short Meaning

Unit 1 – Introduction to ASP.NET

• ASP.NET : Microsoft framework for building web applications.
• Framework : Collection of libraries/tools for development.
• Client-Server Architecture : Client requests, server responds.
• ASP.NET Life Cycle : Sequence of events (Page request → Initialization → Load → Postback → Rendering → Unload).
• Features of ASP.NET : Web forms, server controls, caching, security.
• Application Web Server : Software (IIS) that runs ASP.NET apps.
• ASP.NET Files : Types like .aspx, .ascx, .asmx, .config.
• Page Architecture : Structure of ASP.NET page with server controls.
• Web Form : ASP.NET page (.aspx) containing UI elements.
• Server Control : Control managed by server (e.g., Button, TextBox).

 

Unit 2 – Standard Controls and Validation Controls

• Button : Triggers actions when clicked.
• TextBox : Accepts user text input.
• Label : Displays text on page.
• CheckBox : Allows multiple selections.
• RadioButton : Allows single selection from a group.
• HyperLink : Creates clickable link to another page.
• Image : Displays an image.
• ImageButton : Image with click functionality.
• ListBox : Displays list of items (multi-select possible).
• DropDownList : Compact list of options (single select).
• FileUpload : Allows users to upload files.
• Wizard Control : Creates step-by-step forms.
• AdRotator : Rotates ads/images dynamically.

Validation

• Client-Side Validation : Validation in browser before server request.
• Server-Side Validation : Validation performed on server.
• RequiredFieldValidator : Ensures field is not empty.
• RangeValidator : Checks if input lies in given range.
• CompareValidator : Compares values of two inputs.
• RegularExpressionValidator : Validates input format (e.g., email).
• ValidationSummary : Displays all validation errors together.
• CustomValidator : User-defined validation logic.

Unit 3 – State Management and Master Page

State Management

• State Management : Preserving data between requests.
• Client-Side State Management : Data stored on client (cookies, query string, ViewState).
• Server-Side State Management : Data stored on server (Session, Application).
• ViewState : Stores control values across postbacks (hidden field).
• Query String : Passes values through URL.
• Cookie : Small data stored in browser.
• Session State : Stores user-specific data on server.
• Application State : Stores data shared across users.

Master Page

• Master Page : Template for consistent layout across pages.
• Theme : Defines look/feel of controls (skins, CSS).
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) : Stylesheet for page design.
• Caching : Storing data temporarily for faster performance.
• Output Caching : Stores dynamic page output.
• Data Caching : Stores frequently used data in memory.

Unit 4 – Connecting Database Using ADO.NET

• ADO.NET : Data access technology in .NET.
• Connection : Establishes link between app and database.
• Command : Executes SQL queries/statements.
• DataReader : Fast, forward-only way to read data.
• DataAdapter : Acts as a bridge between DataSet and DB.
• DataSet : In-memory collection of tables.
• DataTable : Represents a table inside DataSet.
• DataColumn : Defines column in table.
• DataRow : Represents a single row in table.
• DataView : Provides sorted/filtered view of DataTable.
• GridView Control : Displays tabular data with editing features.
• Repeater Control : Displays repeated list of items.
• DataBound Control : Control bound to database data.
• SqlDataSource Control : Connects control to SQL database.
• Data Binding Expression : Links UI controls with data.

Unit 5 – XML, Application Configuration, and Web Services

XML

• XML (Extensible Markup Language) : Data storage/transfer format.
• XML Parser : Reads and processes XML.
• Read Dataset from XML : Load data from XML into DataSet.
• Write Dataset to XML : Export DataSet to XML file.

Configuration

• Web.Config : ASP.NET application configuration file.
• AppSettings : Section for app settings (key-value pairs).
• Tracing : Debugging tool that logs application execution.
• Custom Errors : Define custom error pages.
• Authentication : Process of verifying user identity.
• Authorization : Permission to access resources.

Web Services

• Web Service : Software service accessible over network.
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) : XML-based protocol for communication.
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language) : Defines web service details.
• UDDI : Directory service for web services.
• Consume Web Service : Use service in client application.
• Deploy Web Service : Make service available on server.

 :: Best of Luck ::

MCA 3 Kotlin & Android Development Glossary

 Prepared By : Prof. Uday Shah (HOD-IT)

Kotlin & Android Development Glossary

 Notifications

• NotificationManager : System service to manage and display notifications.
• NotificationCompat.Builder : Helper class for building notifications with backward compatibility.
• Custom Notification : User-defined design for notifications.
• Media Style Notification : Notification with media controls (play, pause, etc.).
• Progress Notification : Shows progress (e.g., download percentage).
• Persistent Notification (Foreground Service) : Always running notification, tied to ongoing service.
• PendingIntent : Token for future action triggered by notification.
• TaskStackBuilder : Helps create proper back stack for activities launched from notifications.

 Data Persistence & Storage

• SharedPreferences : Key-value storage for small data.
• Internal Storage : Private file storage inside app’s memory.
• External Storage : Shared file storage (SD card or device storage).
• SQLite Database : Local relational database for structured storage.
• CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) : Basic database operations.
• Room Database : Modern SQLite wrapper with simpler API and lifecycle support.

Networking & APIs

• Permissions : App rights (e.g., internet, storage, camera).
• Web Services : Online services used to fetch/send data.
• HTTP Requests : Communication with servers using methods (GET, POST, etc.).
• Retrofit : Type-safe HTTP client for Android.
• JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) : Lightweight data format for APIs.
• XML (Extensible Markup Language) : Alternative structured data format.

 Modern Kotlin Tools

• Moshi : Library for JSON parsing in Kotlin.
• Gson : Google’s JSON parsing library.
• Coroutine :Lightweight concurrency mechanism for async tasks.
• suspend Function : Function that can be paused/resumed in coroutines.
• Dispatchers (IO/Main/Default) : Define where coroutine runs (background or main thread).
• withContext : Switch coroutine context.

App Publishing & Monetization

• App Monetization : Earning from apps (ads, in-app purchases, paid apps).
• Versioning : Managing app versions (versionCode, versionName).
• App Signing : Securing APK with digital key before publishing.
• Google Play Publishing : Releasing apps on Play Store.

Jetpack & Components

• Jetpack : Android libraries for modern app development.
• CameraX : Jetpack library for camera apps.
• Sensor Manager: Manages device sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.).
• ViewModel : Stores and manages UI-related data.
• LiveData : Observable data holder for UI.
• WorkManager : Schedules background tasks reliably.

Core Kotlin Concepts

• val : Immutable variable (cannot change).
• var: Mutable variable (can change).
• fun : Function keyword.
• class: Blueprint for objects.
• object : Singleton instance or object declaration.
• data class : Class for storing data with auto-generated methods.
• sealed class : Restricts class hierarchy for controlled type handling.
• interface : Defines a contract of methods to be implemented.
• enum class : Defines constants in structured form.
• Extension Function: Adds new function to existing class.
• Null Safety (? and !!) : Prevents null pointer exceptions.
• Elvis Operator (?:) : Returns default value if null.
• Lambda : Anonymous function for concise code.
• Higher-order Function : Function that takes/returns another function.

     

 

Java Keywords with Their Definitions and Complete Java Terminology with Definitions

 

Prepared By : Prof. Uday Shah (HOD-IT)

Java Keywords and Their Definitions

A

• abstract – Used to declare a class or method as abstract. Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, and abstract methods must be implemented by subclasses.

• assert – Used for debugging; tests a boolean condition, and throws an AssertionError if the condition is false.

B

• boolean – Data type that can hold only two values: true or false.

• break – Exits a loop or a switch statement immediately.

B (byte)

• byte – Data type that stores an 8-bit signed integer (range: -128 to 127).

C

• case – Defines a branch in a switch statement.

• catch – Used with try to handle exceptions.

• char – Data type for storing a single 16-bit Unicode character.

• class – Used to define a class.

• const – Reserved but not used in Java (for compatibility with C/C++).

• continue – Skips the current iteration of a loop and moves to the next.

D

• default – Specifies the default branch in a switch or provides a default implementation in an interface.

• do – Starts a do-while loop.

D (double)

• double – Data type for storing a 64-bit double-precision floating-point number.

E

• else – Specifies a block of code to execute if an if condition is false.

• enum – Declares a set of named constants.

• extends – Used in class inheritance to indicate a superclass.

F

• final – Used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, or prevent inheritance of a class.

• finally – A block in exception handling that always executes after try and catch.

• float – Data type for storing a 32-bit single-precision floating-point number.

• for – Used to start a for loop.

G

• goto – Reserved but not used in Java.

I

• if – Executes a block of code if a condition is true.

• implements – Indicates that a class implements an interface.

• import – Allows importing other classes or packages.

• instanceof – Tests whether an object is an instance of a specific class or subclass.

• int – Data type for storing a 32-bit signed integer.

• interface – Declares an interface.

• long – Data type for storing a 64-bit signed integer.

N

• native – Declares that a method is implemented in platform-dependent code using JNI.

• new – Creates new objects.

• null – Represents a null reference.

P

• package – Defines a package (namespace) for a group of related classes.

• private – Access modifier; accessible only within the same class.

• protected – Access modifier; accessible within the same package and subclasses.

• public – Access modifier; accessible from anywhere.

R

• return – Exits from a method and optionally returns a value.

S

• short – Data type for storing a 16-bit signed integer.

• static – Used for class-level variables or methods that belong to the class rather than instances.

• strictfp – Ensures floating-point calculations follow IEEE 754 standards.

• super – Refers to the superclass’s methods, variables, or constructors.

• switch – Starts a multi-branch selection statement.

• synchronized – Ensures that only one thread can access a block of code or method at a time.

T

• this – Refers to the current object.

• throw – Used to explicitly throw an exception.

• throws – Declares exceptions that a method might throw.

• transient – Prevents a variable from being serialized.

• try – Starts a block of code for exception handling.

• true – Boolean literal representing logical truth.

V

• var – Used for local variable type inference (Java 10+).

• void – Specifies that a method does not return any value.

• volatile – Indicates that a variable's value will be modified by different threads.

W

• while – Starts a while loop.

Complete Java Terminology with Definitions

A – C

Term	Definition
Abstract Class	A class declared with abstract keyword; cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.
Abstract Method	A method declared without implementation, meant to be overridden in a subclass.
API (Application Programming Interface)	A set of classes and methods provided to interact with the Java library or other services.
Applet	A Java program embedded in a web page that runs in a browser or applet viewer. (Deprecated in modern Java)
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit)	A set of APIs for creating GUI applications in Java.
Array	A fixed-size collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory.
Bytecode	Platform-independent intermediate code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the JVM.
Class	A blueprint for creating objects; contains fields (variables) and methods.
Classpath	The location(s) from which the JVM or compiler loads classes and packages.
Constructor	A special method used to initialize objects when they are created.
Casting	Converting one data type to another, e.g., int to double (widening) or double to int (narrowing).
Checked Exception	Exceptions checked at compile time; must be declared in throws or handled using try-catch.
Collection Framework	A set of classes and interfaces (like List, Set, Map) for working with data collections.

D – F

Term	Definition
Delegation Event Model	A mechanism in Java for handling events in GUI applications.
Dynamic Binding	Method call resolution at runtime based on the object’s actual type.
Encapsulation	Bundling data and methods into a single unit (class) and restricting access via access modifiers.
Enum	A special Java type used to define collections of constants.
Exception	An event that disrupts the normal flow of a program; handled using try-catch-finally.
extends	Keyword used for class inheritance or interface extension.
final	Keyword used to declare constants, prevent inheritance, or prevent method overriding.
finalize()	A method called by garbage collector before reclaiming an object’s memory. (Deprecated in newer versions)
float	A 32-bit single-precision floating-point number.
Framework	A reusable set of libraries for building Java applications (e.g., Spring, Hibernate).

G – I

Term	Definition
Garbage Collection	Automatic memory management process that frees memory occupied by unused objects.
Generics	Enables type safety in collections and methods by parameterizing data types.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)	A user interface that includes buttons, menus, text fields, etc.
HashMap	A Java collection that stores key-value pairs using hashing for fast lookups.
Heap Memory	Runtime memory area where objects are stored.
HTTPServlet	A class in Java EE for handling HTTP requests and responses.
implements	Keyword used by a class to use an interface.
import	Keyword to include other Java classes or packages in a program.
Inheritance	Mechanism where a class acquires properties and behavior from another class.
Interface	A collection of abstract methods and constants used for defining a contract.
Instance Variable	A variable defined in a class for which each object has its own copy.

J – L

Term	Definition
JavaBeans	Reusable software components written in Java that follow specific naming conventions.
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)	API for connecting and executing queries on a database.
JDK (Java Development Kit)	Includes JRE plus tools for Java development (compiler, debugger, etc.).
JIT (Just-In-Time Compiler)	Converts bytecode into native machine code at runtime for better performance.
JME (Java Micro Edition)	A version of Java designed for mobile and embedded devices.
JRE (Java Runtime Environment)	Software package that provides JVM and libraries for running Java applications.
JSP (JavaServer Pages)	Technology for creating dynamic web content using Java embedded in HTML.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine)	An engine that executes Java bytecode.
Local Variable	Variable declared within a method or block, accessible only there.
Loop	A control structure for executing a block of code repeatedly (for, while, do-while).

M – O

Term	Definition
main() Method	The entry point of a Java application.
Method Overloading	Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists.
Method Overriding	Redefining a superclass method in a subclass with the same signature.
Multithreading	Running multiple threads simultaneously for parallel execution.
MVC (Model-View-Controller)	Architectural pattern for separating business logic, UI, and data.
Nested Class	A class defined within another class.
NullPointerException	An exception thrown when trying to use an object reference that has not been assigned.
Object	An instance of a class containing data (fields) and behavior (methods).
Overloading	See Method Overloading.
Overriding	See Method Overriding.

P – R

Term	Definition
Package	A group of related classes and interfaces.
Polymorphism	The ability of an object to take many forms (method overloading and overriding).
PreparedStatement	JDBC statement used for executing parameterized SQL queries.
Primitive Data Types	Basic types like int, char, boolean, float, double, byte, short, long.
Private / Protected / Public	Access modifiers that control visibility of members.
Recursion	Method calling itself directly or indirectly.
Reference Variable	Variable that holds the memory address of an object.
Reflection	API for inspecting and modifying runtime behavior of applications.
ResultSet	JDBC object holding data retrieved from a database query.
RMI (Remote Method Invocation)	Java API for invoking methods on remote objects.
Runtime Exception	Exceptions that occur during program execution and are not checked at compile time.

S – U

Term	Definition
Servlet	Java class that handles HTTP requests and responses in a web application.
Session	A way to store user-specific data across multiple HTTP requests.
Socket	Endpoint for communication between two machines over a network.
Source Code	The .java file containing Java code written by the programmer.
Static	Keyword indicating that a field or method belongs to the class rather than instances.
String	A sequence of characters in Java, represented by the String class.
super	Keyword to call a superclass constructor or method.
Swing	A set of lightweight Java APIs for building GUI applications.
Synchronization	Mechanism to control access to shared resources in multithreaded environments.
Thread	A lightweight subprocess for parallel execution.
Throwable	The superclass of all errors and exceptions in Java.
try-catch-finally	Exception handling blocks in Java.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)	Address of a resource on the internet.
User Interface (UI)	The part of an application that the user interacts with.

V – Z

Term	Definition
Variable	A named location in memory used to store data.
Vector	A synchronized dynamic array in Java.
Virtual Machine	Software that executes programs like a physical machine (e.g., JVM).
volatile	Keyword to indicate a variable’s value can be modified by multiple threads.
Web Container	Part of a web server that interacts with Java Servlets and JSPs.
Wrapper Classes	Classes that convert primitive types into objects (Integer, Double, etc.).
XML (Extensible Markup Language)	Used for data storage and transfer, often in Java web services.
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)	Security vulnerability Java web developers must prevent.
Yield	A thread method suggesting the scheduler to give execution to other threads.
ZIP Streams	Java I/O classes to read/write compressed files.

Different Charts in Tableau for MCA 3 or IT Students

Prepared By : Prof. Uday Shah (HOD-IT) 

Different Charts in Tableau

1. Line Chart

• A Line Chart in Tableau shows data points connected by straight lines, often used to show trends over time.

• It is ideal for time series analysis, such as monthly sales, daily temperature, or yearly revenue.

• The X-axis generally represents time, and the Y-axis represents the measure you want to analyse.

• You can create a Line Chart by dragging a date field to Columns and a measure to Rows.

• Tableau automatically draws the connecting lines between points.

• You can change line style (solid, dashed, dotted) from the "Marks" card.

• It supports multiple lines for comparing different categories.

• You can use color encoding to differentiate lines.

• Adding trend lines in Tableau provides statistical insights.

• Works well with continuous data, not just discrete categories.

• Example: Monthly profit trend over a year.

• Practical Use: To track company performance over time.

2. Bar Chart

• A Bar Chart uses rectangular bars to represent data values.

• The length of the bar is proportional to the value it represents.

• It is widely used for comparing categories.

• Horizontal or vertical bars can be chosen depending on clarity.

• Created by dragging a dimension to Rows and a measure to Columns.

• Can be stacked or clustered.

• Supports sorting to arrange values in ascending or descending order.

• You can add color for better visual separation.

• Labels can be displayed to show exact values.

• Works well for categorical data comparisons.

• Example: Sales by region.

• Practical Use: To see which product category performs best.

3. Pie Chart

• A Pie Chart shows proportions as slices of a circle.

• The size of each slice represents the contribution to the total.

• Created by dragging a dimension to Color and a measure to Angle.

• Works best when comparing a few categories.

• Too many slices make it hard to read.

• Can display labels for percentage values.

• Allows colour encoding for different slices.

• Often used for share analysis.

• Can be combined with legends for clarity.

• Example: Market share by brand.

• Practical Use: To quickly understand category proportions.

4. Bubble Chart

• A Bubble Chart displays data as circles (bubbles) of different sizes.

• The size represents a measure, and position can show two other measures.

• Created by selecting the Circle mark type in Tableau.

• Color can be added to represent categories or additional measures.

• Good for showing relationships between three variables.

• Can be used to identify outliers.

• Requires a scatterplot-like layout for best results.

• Example: Sales vs. Profit with bubble size as quantity sold.

• Can be interactive with filters and tooltips.

• Works well for multi-variable analysis.

• Practical Use: To find high-sales but low-profit products.

5. Bullet Chart

• A Bullet Chart is an enhanced bar chart with reference lines.

• It shows actual performance compared to a target.

• Created by selecting Bullet Graph from the "Show Me" panel.

• Useful for KPI tracking.

• Displays performance bands (poor, average, excellent).

• Can show multiple measures in the same chart.

• Works well in dashboard KPIs.

• Can be displayed horizontally or vertically.

• Example: Actual sales vs. sales target.

• Practical Use: For executive reports showing goal achievement.

6. Area Chart

• An Area Chart is similar to a line chart but with the area under the line filled with color.

• It emphasizes volume changes over time.

• Created by changing the mark type to Area.

• Can be stacked for multiple categories.

• Works well for cumulative data representation.

• Color can differentiate between categories.

• Often used for showing market trends.

• Example: Website traffic over months.

• Can be smoothed for a cleaner look.

• Practical Use: To visualize total growth trends.

7. Waterfall Chart

• A Waterfall Chart shows incremental increases or decreases in a measure.

• Created by selecting Gantt Bar and customizing table calculations.

• Useful for showing how a starting value changes to an ending value.

• Breaks down contributions step by step.

• Positive changes are usually green, negative changes are red.

• Example: Profit changes by month.

• Shows net effect after all changes.

• Can include subtotals.

• Practical Use: To explain profit/loss components.

8. Crosstab

• A Crosstab is a text table in Tableau.

• Displays data in rows and columns with numeric values.

• Created by selecting Text Table in "Show Me".

• Similar to an Excel pivot table.

• Supports sorting, filtering, and conditional formatting.

• Good for showing exact values.

• Example: Sales by region and product.

• Can be exported to Excel.

• Practical Use: To present tabular reports.

9. Histogram

• A Histogram shows frequency distribution of a measure.

• Groups continuous data into bins.

• Created by selecting Histogram in "Show Me".

• Automatically creates bin fields.

• Useful for statistical analysis.

• Example: Distribution of customer ages.

• Can adjust bin size for detail or summary.

• Highlights patterns in data.

• Practical Use: To analyse how data is spread.

:: Best of Luck ::

TableAU Calculations, Sort and Filter with TableAU for MCA 3 or IT Students

 Prepared By : Prof. Uday Shah (HOD - IT)

TableAU Calculations, Sort and Filter with TableAU

1. TableAU Calculations

• Definition: Tableau calculations are expressions written using Tableau’s syntax to manipulate, transform, or derive new values from existing data fields.

• Purpose: They allow you to create new measures or dimensions without changing the underlying source data.

• Types: Calculated Fields, Table Calculations, Level of Detail (LOD) Expressions.

• Flexibility: You can use arithmetic, logical, string, and date functions in calculations.

• Live Update: When the source data changes, calculated fields update automatically.

• Dynamic: They can be interactive with filters and parameters.

• Customization: Tailor data analysis beyond built-in functions.

• Reusability: Once created, they can be reused across multiple worksheets.

• Performance: Simple calculations are fast, but complex nested LODs may slow dashboards.

• Integration: Works with both live and extracted data sources.

• Output: Can return text, number, date, Boolean, or aggregated values.

• Example: Creating a “Profit Margin” field.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Formula:

  [Profit Margin] = ([Profit] / [Sales]) * 100
  

• Steps in Tableau:

  1. Open Global Superstore in Tableau.

  2. Go to Analysis → Create Calculated Field.

  3. Name it Profit Margin.

  4. Enter the above formula.

  5. Place it in Columns with Category in Rows.

• Expected Output: Bar chart showing Profit Margin % for each category.

2. TableAU Operators

• Definition: Operators are symbols that perform operations like arithmetic, comparison, and logical evaluations.

• Categories: Arithmetic (+ - * / %), Comparison (= != > < >= <=), Logical (AND OR NOT).

• Usage: Combine operators with fields for custom logic.

• Case Sensitivity: Operators themselves are not case sensitive, but string values are.

• Importance: Essential for IF statements, filtering, and conditional logic.

• Combination: Can be nested inside functions.

• Error Handling: Incorrect type matching (e.g., adding a string to a number) causes errors.

• Performance: Simple operators execute instantly.

• Practicality: Often used for ranking, segmentation, or data cleaning.

• Example: [Profit] > 0 AND [Region] = "Asia" returns only profitable Asian sales.

• Flexibility: You can use them in calculated fields or directly in filter conditions.

• Testing: Test small calculations before applying to large dashboards.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Create a field:

  [High Profit Asia] = IF [Profit] > 0 AND [Region] = "Asia" THEN "Yes" ELSE "No" END
  

• Drag it to Filters → Show only "Yes".

• Output: Visualization showing only profitable orders from Asia.

3. TableAU Functions

• Definition: Functions are predefined formulas that perform specific operations.

• Categories: String, Date, Number, Logical, Type Conversion, Aggregate, Window.

• String Example: UPPER([Customer Name]) → Makes names uppercase.

• Date Example: YEAR([Order Date]) → Extracts the year.

• Numeric Example: ROUND([Sales], 2) → Rounds sales to two decimal places.

• Logical Example: IF [Profit] > 0 THEN "Profit" ELSE "Loss" END.

• Aggregation Example: SUM([Sales]).

• Window Example: RUNNING_SUM(SUM([Sales])).

• Purpose: Increase flexibility in data manipulation.

• Usage: Can be nested inside other functions for complex analysis.

• Dynamic: Changes with filters and parameters.

• Testing: Use calculated field editor’s "Test" feature to check.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Create a field:

  Year-Sales = STR(YEAR([Order Date])) + " → " + STR(SUM([Sales]))
  

• Output: Display year along with total sales in one label.

4. Numeric Calculations

• Perform math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

• Can aggregate (SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX) or transform (ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR).

• Example: Discounted Price = [Sales] - ([Sales] * [Discount]).

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Calculate Discounted Price for each product.

• Output: Table showing product name and its discounted price.

5. String Calculations

• Manipulate text values (names, product IDs).

• Examples: LEFT, RIGHT, MID, CONCAT, UPPER, LOWER, TRIM.

• Use for data cleaning and formatting.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Create Customer Initials = LEFT([Customer Name], 1).

• Output: List of customers with their initials.

6. Date Calculations

• Extract date parts (DAY, MONTH, YEAR).

• Perform differences (DATEDIFF) or add intervals (DATEADD).

• Format dates (DATENAME).

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Order Year = YEAR([Order Date]).

• Output: Chart showing sales per year.

7. Table Calculations

• Calculations done after aggregation (e.g., running totals, percent of total, rank).

• Dynamic based on table structure.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Apply Running Total to Sales.

• Output: Cumulative sales over time.

8. LOD Expressions

• Level of Detail: Control granularity of calculations.

• {FIXED [Region]: SUM([Sales])} ignores other filters.

• Useful for multi-level aggregation.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• {FIXED [Category]: SUM([Profit])} → Profit per category regardless of sub-category filter.

9. Create Calculated Field

• Go to Analysis → Create Calculated Field.

• Enter name, formula, and validate.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• Profit Ratio = [Profit] / SUM([Sales]).

• Output: Profit ratio per region.

10. IF Function

• Conditional logic: IF condition THEN result ELSE result END.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

• IF [Profit] >= 0 THEN "Profit" ELSE "Loss" END.

• Output: Color-coded profit/loss map.

11. CASE Function

• Simplifies multiple conditions.

🔹 Practical Exercise:

CASE [Region]
WHEN "Asia" THEN "A"
WHEN "Europe" THEN "E"
ELSE "Other"
END

• Output: Regions replaced with short codes.

📌 Sort and Filter with TableAU

12. Filtering in Visualization

• Filters limit data displayed.

• Can be applied to dimensions, measures, or both.

Practical: Filter orders where Sales > 500.

13. Basic Filters

• Directly drag field to Filters shelf.

Practical: Filter only "Furniture" category.

14. Quick Filter

• User-friendly on-screen filter.

Practical: Show Category quick filter.

15. Context Filter

• Acts as a master filter before others.

Practical: Context filter for "Asia" before other filters.

16. Conditional Filter

• Filters based on a condition.

Practical: Keep rows where Profit > 1000.

17. Slicing Filter

• Narrow down by a measure’s range.

Practical: Slice Sales between 200–1000.

18. Grouping

• Combine similar values.

Practical: Group "Chairs" & "Tables" into "Furniture Items".

19. Hierarchy

• Drill-down from higher to lower levels.

Practical: Region → Country → State hierarchy.

20. Sort Data

• Ascending or descending order by field.

Practical: Sort products by highest profit.

:: Best of Luck ::